重金属是指原子量在63.5到200.6之间，比重大于5.0的金属元素。随着金属电镀设施、电池、采矿作业、化肥行业、制革厂、造纸和杀虫剂等工业的快速发展，越来越多重金属废水直接或间接排放到水环境中。
   
   工业废水中有毒重金属主要包括锌、铜、镍、汞、镉、铅和铬。水体重金属污染已经成为我国和世界上严重的环境问题之一，对重金属的治理受到了高度关注。采取有效的方法处理水体中过量的重金属，能够减轻重金属污染。目前，已有一系列的重金属废水治理方法。

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